ABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: Durante los primeros 1000 días de vida se establece la base para la salud futura de un niño. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de una intervención educativa prenatal en mujeres embarazadas sobre el estado nutricional del hijo desde el nacimiento hasta los cuatro meses de edad. Métodos: Diseño cuasiexperimental de intervención con mujeres a partir de la semana 12 de gestación, asignadas aleatoriamente a un grupo de intervención (GI) para recibir cinco sesiones grupales y tres individuales sobre prácticas de alimentación y percepción materna del peso del hijo y de señales de hambre-saciedad; el grupo control (GC) recibió atención de rutina que incluía al menos tres consultas prenatales. Resultados: 30 mujeres conformaron cada grupo. Después de la intervención, las mujeres del GC practicaron menos lactancia materna exclusiva, fueron propensas a subestimar o sobrestimar el peso del hijo y percibieron con menor intensidad las señales de hambre-saciedad (p < 0.05). El 80 % de los lactantes del GI presentaron peso normal y 63 % de los niños del GC, una combinación de sobrepeso y obesidad (p < 0.05). Conclusiones: El programa de educación prenatal en mujeres embarazadas mostró un efecto significativo en el estado nutricional de los lactantes después de cuatro meses del nacimiento.
Abstract Introduction: During the first 1000 days of life is the basis for a childs future health established. Objective: To evaluate the impact of a prenatal educational intervention in pregnant women on the nutritional status of the child from birth to 4 months of age. Methods: Quasi-experimental intervention design in women with at least 12 weeks of gestation, who were randomly assigned to an intervention group (IG) to participate in five group and three individual sessions on feeding practices and maternal perception of the childs weight and signals of hunger-satiety; the control group (CG) received routine care that included at least three prenatal consultations. Results: Thirty women were included in each group. After the intervention, women in the CG practiced less exclusive breastfeeding, were more likely to underestimate and overestimate the childrens weight, and perceived hunger-satiety signals with less intensity (p < 0.05). 80 % of the infants in the IG had normal weight, whereas 63 % of those in the CG had a combination of overweight and obesity (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The prenatal education program in pregnant women showed a significant effect on postnatal nutritional status of infants four months after birth.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Adult , Prenatal Care , Nutritional Status , Pregnant Women/education , Pediatric Obesity/prevention & control , Satiety Response/physiology , Socioeconomic Factors , Body Weight , Breast Feeding/statistics & numerical data , Hunger/physiology , Overweight/epidemiology , Pediatric Obesity/epidemiology , Infant Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaABSTRACT
The study of the factors that regulate high energy food intake is especially relevant nowadays due to the high prevalence of overweight and obesity. Food intake regulation can be divided in two basic processes, namely satiation and satiety. Satiation is the process that determines the moment in which feeding stops and regulates the amount of ingested food during a single meal. Satiety is the interval between meals and regulates the time elapsed between two meals. The longer the interval, the lower energy intake. Each of these processes are regulated by different factors, which are here reviewed.
Subject(s)
Humans , Appetite Regulation/physiology , Satiation/physiology , Energy Intake/physiology , Satiety Response/physiology , Sensation/physiology , Time Factors , Eating/physiologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Several studies have reported that consumption of Salvia Hispanica L.,commonly known as chia seed, may exert beneficial effects on health outcomes. The main purpose of this study was to examine the influence of chia seed consumption as a mid-morning snack on short-term satiety. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Subjects (n = 24) were tested using a randomized, cross-over design consisting of three mid-morning snacks. Yogurt with no chia seed, yogurt with 7 g chia seed, and yogurt with 14 g chia seed were given to subjects on different test days. After subjects were asked to report visual analog scale (VAS) scores on sensory outcomes, ad libitum lunch was served, and energy intake of individuals was measured. RESULTS: VAS scores indicated that participants reported significantly lower scores for hunger (P = 0.033), prospective food consumption (P = 0.031), amounts of food that could be consumed (P = 0.017), desire for sugary foods (P = 0.015), and higher scores for satiety (P = 0.031) on the test days with 7 g and 14 g chia seed. Energy intake of individuals during ad libitum lunch was significantly lower when they consumed yogurt with 7 g or 14 g chia seed (P = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated that chia seed consumption as a mid-morning snack may induce short-term satiety in healthy individuals.
Subject(s)
Cross-Over Studies , Eating , Energy Intake , Hunger , Lunch , Obesity , Prospective Studies , Salvia , Satiety Response , Snacks , Visual Analog Scale , YogurtABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Use of smaller plates to control food intake is a commonly recommended strategy for restricting energy intake, despite conflicting results. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine whether or not three different sizes of plates influence energy intake during a multi-itemed buffet meal in normal weight women. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This was a cross-over study conducted on 37 female participants aged 19-25 years with normal BMI levels. Participants were recruited from Hacettepe University and the surrounding community. On experimental days, participants ate a standard breakfast and were then randomly assigned to eat lunch using a small (19 cm), medium (23 cm), or large (28 cm) diameter plate. Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores on sensory and satiety outcomes were measured for all meals. Energy and macronutrient intakes during lunch were recorded. RESULTS: There was no evidence that use of a smaller plate size reduced energy or specific macronutrient intake during the free choice lunch meal. Multiple visits to the serving table were not associated with energy or macronutrient intake. Plate size did not affect VAS scores during the test days. CONCLUSIONS: Plate size did not influence energy intake, meal composition, or palatability in normal weight women during a multi-itemed open buffet lunch. Studies in natural settings at the population level are needed to clarify current outcomes.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Breakfast , Cross-Over Studies , Eating , Energy Intake , Lunch , Meals , Obesity , Satiety ResponseABSTRACT
To evaluate the weight loss fostered by the Intra-oral Alimentary Satiety Device in a patient diagnosed as morbidly obese. A female patient diagnosed as morbidly obese who was seeing a nutritionist was examined. Based on her medical history and anthropometric assessment, a hypocaloric diet was prescribed. The nutritional state was assessed by the Body Mass Index (BMI). The patient was advised to wear the Intra-oral Alimentary Satiety Device, and an assessment by a dentist was suggested to discard contraindications. The appliance was then manufactured with dental molding material, orthodontic stainless steel wire, and heat-cured dental acrylic resin. The patient wore the device at every meal, putting it on 5 minutes in advance. For the data analysis the In her first consultation, the patient weighed 115 kg and was 1.62 m tall, with BMI = 43.82 Kg/m. Weight loss was 13.3 kg, representing 11.57% of the initial weight. In relation to the BMI, the total loss was 5.06 Kg/m, representing 11.55%. The Intra-oral Alimentary Satiety Device can be considered a safe and effective method which, together with a hypocaloric diet, shows satisfactory results, thus proving to be an important auxiliary option in the treatment of obesity.
Avaliar a redução de peso promovida pelo Aparelho Intraoral de Saciedade Alimentar em paciente com diagnóstico de obesidade mórbida. Foi avaliada uma paciente do gênero feminino com diagnóstico de obesidade mórbida, frequentadora de um consultório nutricional. Realizou-se a anamnese alimentar, avaliação antropométrica e indicação de dieta hipocalórica. A avaliação do estado nutricional foi realizada através do índice de massa corporal. A paciente recebeu a indicação da utilização do Aparelho Intraoral de Saciedade Alimentar e foi encaminhada para avaliação do cirurgião dentista para descartar as contraindicações, sendo então confeccionado com material de moldagem odontológico, fio de aço inoxidável ortodôntico e acrílico termopolimerizável odontológico. A paciente utilizou o aparelho em todas as refeições, colocando-o na cavidade oral com 5 minutos de antecedência. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o software SPSS versão 17.0. Em sua primeira consulta, a paciente estava com 115 kg e altura 1,62 m, apresentando IMC = 43,82 kg/m². A perda de peso total foi de 13,3 kg, representando 11,57% em relação ao peso inicial. Em relação ao IMC, a perda total foi de 5,06 Kg/m², representando uma perda em percentual de 11,55%. O Aparelho Intraoral de Saciedade Alimentar pode ser considerado um método seguro e efetivo que aliado à dieta hipocalórica mostrou resultados satisfatórios, demonstrando ser uma importante opção coadjuvante no tratamento da obesidade.
ABSTRACT
Feeding behavior is controlled by interactions between psychobiological and physiological systems. In rats, there is a sequence in the feeding behavior that is characterized by similar movements at the beginning and end of a meal, known as the behavioral satiety sequence. In the sequence, eating is followed by grooming and other activities, and ends with resting. The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the use of the behavioral satiety sequence as an experimental model for the study of feeding behavior. A systematic search of the electronic databases MedLine, Lilacs, SciELO, Cochrane Library and PubMed was done from November 2007 to January 2008, using combinations of the keywords "behavioral," "satiety" and "sequence". Ninety articles were found and, of these, fifteen articles were selected for the review. The studies demonstrated the efficacy of using behavioral satiety sequence to evaluate the effects of some types of manipulations on feeding behavior. With this study method it was also possible to observe different factors that can interfere with feeding behavior, such as sedation, malaise or intake inhibition, by increasing satiety. Behavioral satiety sequence offers solid tools for gaining a better understanding of how treatment can influence feeding behavior.
O comportamento alimentar é controlado por interações entre sistemas psicobiológicos e fisiológicos. Em ratos, existe uma sequência no comportamento alimentar que é caracterizada por movimentos similares no início e no término de uma refeição, conhecida como sequência comportamental de saciedade. Na sequência, o ato de comer é seguido pela limpeza e outra atividades, terminando com o descanso. O objetivo dessa revisão sistemática é avaliar o uso da sequência comportamental de saciedade como um modelo experimental para o estudo do comportamento alimentar. Uma busca sistemática das bases de dados MedLine, Lilacs, SciELO, Biblioteca Cochrane e PubMed foi realizada, no período de novembro de 2007 a janeiro de 2008, usando combinações das palavras chaves "behavioral", "satiety" e "sequence". Noventa artigos foram encontrados e, desses, quinze artigos foram selecionados para a revisão. Os estudos mostraram a eficácia do uso da sequência comportamental de saciedade para a avaliação dos efeitos de alguns tipos de manipulações sobre o comportamento alimentar. Com esse método de estudo, também é possível observar diversos fatores que podem intervir no comportamento alimentar, assim como sedação, mal-estar ou inibição do consumo por aumento da saciedade. A sequência comportamental de saciedade oferece sólidas ferramentas para obter um entendimento melhor de como um tratamento pode influenciar o comportamento alimentar.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Rats , Diet , Feeding Behavior , Satiety ResponseABSTRACT
Este trabalho revisa a participação do sistema serotonérgico no controle da ingestão de alimentos e saciedade. É de grande interesse compreender a relevância desse sistema para o controle fisiológico do balanço energético e da obesidade. Mais de 35 anos de pesquisas sugerem que a serotonina (5-HT) desempenha um importante papel na saciedade. Assim, o sistema serotonérgico tem sido um alvo viável para o controle de peso. A 5-HT apresenta controle sobre a fome e a saciedade através de diversos receptores, com diferentes funções. O receptor 5-HT2C parece ser o mais importante na relação entre ingestão alimentar e balanço energético. Nesta revisão serão discutidos os mecanismos do sistema serotonérgico envolvidos no controle da ingestão de alimentos e saciedade.
This paper reviews involvement of the serotonergic system in the control of food intake and satiety. It is of great interest to understand the relevance of this system for physiological control of energy balance and obesity. Over 35 years of research suggest that serotonin (5-HT) plays an important role in satiety. Thus, the serotonergic system has been a viable target for weight control. The 5-HT has control over hunger and satiety through different receptors with distinct functions. The 5-HT2C receptor may be more important in the relationship between food intake and energy balance. This review will discuss the mechanisms of the serotonergic system involved in the control of food intake and satiety.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Eating/physiology , Hunger/physiology , Hypothalamus/metabolism , Satiation/physiology , Serotonin Receptor Agonists/physiology , Neurotransmitter Agents/physiology , Obesity/drug therapy , Satiation/drug effects , /physiology , /physiology , Serotonin/physiologyABSTRACT
Este trabalho discute o papel dos alimentos líquidos e sólidos na ingestão alimentar, fundamentando-se em uma revisão crítica sobre o assunto. Utilizaram-se os principais bancos de dados nacionais e internacionais em saúde, entre eles, Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Lilacs, SciELO. A busca bibliográfica compreendeu o período de 1980 a 2008. Os resultados atuais das pesquisas indicam que o estado físico do alimento pode influenciar o consumo alimentar, tanto a curto quanto a longo prazo, e que os alimentos líquidos exercem um menor poder sacietógeno, em comparação aos sólidos. Os possíveis mecanismos envolvidos nesse fraco controle do apetite pelos líquidos são: falta de mastigação, fase cefálica da ingestão menos pronunciada, esvaziamento gástrico mais rápido e fatores cognitivos. Conclui-se que o uso de alimentos líquidos, em especial bebidas energéticas, deve ser moderado tanto na prevenção como no tratamento da obesidade.
This review discussed the influence of solid and liquid foods on food intake, based on a critical review of the subject. The main national and international health databases, Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Lilacs and SciELO, were searched. Publications from 1980 to 2008 were included. The findings showed that the physical nature of the food can influence food intake, both in the short term and long term, with liquids being less satiating than solids. The possible mechanisms involved on this impaired satiety response to liquids are: absence of mastication, short cephalic phase, faster gastric emptying and cognitive factors. In conclusion, liquid foods, especially calorie-containing beverages, should be consumed in moderation in order to prevent and treat obesity.
ABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: conhecer as orientações sobre mastigação fornecida por acadêmicos de Nutrição a pacientes submetidos à dieta para redução de peso e verificar os padrões mastigatórios de indivíduos que tenham recebido tais orientações. MÉTODOS: aplicação de questionário a 30 acadêmicos sobre as orientações ministradas no caso de perda de peso e de protocolo de avaliação da mastigação em 30 pacientes em dieta alimentar. Os dados foram coletados em três clínicas escolas da Grande Vitória e analisados por meio do Teste exato de Fisher a um nível de significância de 5 por cento. RESULTADOS: dentre os acadêmicos 83,3 por cento realizam freqüentemente orientação sobre mastigação, sendo que 60,0 por cento sobre velocidade/número de ciclos mastigatórios. Todos os casos atendidos são orientados por 63,3 por cento dos pesquisados e 93,3 por cento acreditam na influência da mastigação na redução de peso, sendo para 73,3 por cento decorrente do alcance da saciedade. Quanto aos encaminhamentos para o fonoaudiólogo 96,7 por cento nunca realizaram, tendo 53,3 por cento deixado de informar o motivo. Com relação aos pacientes verificou-se adequação da mastigação, tendo, entretanto 50,0 por cento apresentado estado de conservação dentária ruim; 79,8 por cento preferência por mastigação unilateral e 50 por cento partido o alimento com a mão. Em todos os casos os pacientes receberam as orientações no início do tratamento, sendo que apenas 46,7 por cento as colocam sempre em prática. Nenhuma associação estatística apresentou valor significante. CONCLUSÃO: a maioria dos acadêmicos de Nutrição realiza orientações sobre o processo mastigatório. Quanto aos pacientes, verificou-se a adequação do processo mastigatório, apesar da grande maioria partir o alimento com a mão e preferir um dos lados para mastigar.
PURPOSE: to know the orientations about mastication provided by students from Nutrition course to the patients submitted to a weight reduction diet and to check the masticatory standards of those who have received the orientations. METHODS: two methods were used, the first one: 30 forms were applied to the students of Nutrition course in order to know the orientations they provided to the patients; and, the second one: the protocol of evaluation mastication applied in the 30 patients who were under an alimentary diet. Data has been collected in three academic clinics of the metropolitan area of Vitoria, and were analyzed through the accurate Test of Fisher to a 5 percent significance level. RESULTS: among academics, 83.3 percent frequently carry through orientations on mastication, being 60 percent on speed/number of masticatory cycles. All cases are oriented by 63.3 percent of the students and 93.3 percent believe in the influence of the mastication in the weight reduction, and 73.3 percent think that it can be reached by all society. Considering the indication to the speech therapists, 96.7 percent said they never do that, in this group, 53.3 percent did not explain why they act so. Considering the patients, the adequate chew was verified, although 50.0 percent of them had bad dental conservation; 79.7 percent preferred unilateral mastication and 50.0 percent use bare hands to handle the meals. In all the cases the patients had received orientation at the beginning of the treatment, and only 46.7 percent really practice the guidance. No statistics association showed any significant value. CONCLUSION: the majority of the Nutrition students oriented their patients about the masticatory process. Considering the patients, they practice the correct masticatory process, although the majority uses bare hands to handle food and prefer one of the side of the mouth for mastication.